Svemirski teleskop James Webb (JWST)je prostor observatory designed to conduct infrared astronomy and launched successfully on 25 December 2021 will enable two research teams to study earliest galaxies in the svemir. The research teams will use JWST’s powerful instruments (NIRISS, NIRCam and NIRSpec) to capture and characterize some of the earliest galaxies.
The Next Generation Deep Extragalactic Exploratory Public (NGDEEP) Survey will target Hubble Ultra Deep Field by pointing telescope’s Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) on the primary Hubble Ultra Deep Field and Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the parallel field. The two instruments NIRISS and NIRCam will capture infrared light (redshifted due to expansion of svemir). The data will be released immediately to benefit the researchers.
NGDEEP team will also identify metal elements in the early galaxies especially in smaller and dimmer ones that haven’t yet been thoroughly studied so far. Study of metal contents of galaxies is standard way to trace evolution across cosmic time. There were only hydrogen and helium in the beginning of the svemir. New elements were formed by successive generations of zvijezde. Studying metal contents of galaxies will help to plot out precisely when various elements existed and update models that project how galaxies evolved in the early svemir.
The other research team will examine the primary Hubble Ultra Deep Field using the microshutter array within the telescope’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec). This will provide first large sample of earliest galaxies that existed in the early svemir enabling researchers to understand them in detail.
The story of study of rani svemir began in 1995 with the decision to focus Hubble Prostor Telescope (HST) on nothing in the hitherto unexplored field in the sky. Hubble captured about 3000 images of galaxies at different stages of stellar evolution. Better known as Hubble Deep Field, these images were first pictures of early galaxies and revolutionised the field of astronomy.
As a successor of Hubble prostor telescope (HST), Svemirski teleskop James Webb (JWST) is carrying forward the Hubble telescope’s legacy in the area of study of early svemir. Webb telescope aims to search for light from the first zvijezde and galaxies that formed in the Svemir after the Big Bang to study the formation and evolution of galaxies, to understand the formation of zvijezde i planetni systems and to study planetni systems and the origins of life.
Rano svemir in the first several hundred million years after the big bang was a very different place. It was semi-opaque. This is when the first galaxies in the svemir were beginning to form. Many distant galaxies have been spotted by the telescopes but none earlier than 400 million years after the big bang. What were galaxies that existed even earlier like? The above mentioned, two research teams will answer just this by revealing details of the earliest chapters of galaksija evolucija.
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Izvori:
- NASA 2022. NASA-in Webb za otkrivanje bogatstva ranog svemira, objavljeno 22. lipnja 2022. Dostupno online na https://webbtelescope.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-015.html Pristupljeno 23. lipnja 2022.
- Prasad U., 2021. Svemirski teleskop James Webb (JWST): Prvi svemirski opservatorij posvećen proučavanju ranog svemira. Znanstveni europski. Objavljeno 6. studenog 2021. Dostupno online na http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/sciences/space/james-webb-space-telescope-jwst-the-first-space-observatory-dedicated-to-the-study-of-early-universe/
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