Neuralink je implantabilni uređaj koji je pokazao značajno poboljšanje u odnosu na druge u tome što podržava fleksibilne provodljive žice nalik celofanu umetnute u tkivo pomoću kirurškog robota "šivaćeg stroja". Ova tehnologija može pomoći u ublažavanju bolesti mozga (depresija, Alzheimerova, Parkinsonova, itd.) i leđne moždine (paraplegija, kvadriplegija itd.) kojima je zajedničko obilježje pogrešna komunikacija ili izgubljena komunikacija između neuronskih stanica.
Neuralni signali ili živac impulses are at the core of ljudski experience. All our sensations, emotion, pain and pleasure, happiness, memory and nostalgia, and consciousness are as a result ohttps://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/precision-medicine-for-cancer-neural-disorders-and-cardiovascular-diseases/f generation, transmission and reception of nervni signals from one neuron to another. Smooth functioning of this translates to good health. Any aberration in this system due to injury or degeneracija povezana sa starenjem leads to diseases. Understanding these neural processes involves sending nervni signals to an external device such as a računalo to analyse them and effecting any appropriate correcting measures, has been standing endeavour of science towards improvement of ljudski life and health. This can be made possible by creating brain computer interfaces.
Mozak Computer Interface is also referred to as Brain Machine Interface or nervni Interface. It is a communication link between the ljudski brain and an external device. There have been several significant advancements in this area in the recent past. Some of these devices include brain pacemaker1,2, BrainNet3,4, besmrtnost5 i bioničke organe6.
Pacemaker mozga povećava vezu između neurona. To uključuje implantaciju malih, tankih električnih žica u pacijentov prednji režanj, a zatim slanje električnih impulsa kroz uređaj na baterije, čime se olakšava funkcionalna povezanost između različitih područja i analizira ih pomoću računala.
BrainNet refers to enhancing the brain-computer interface to a brain-to-brain interface in ljudi where content from neural signals (such as memory, feelings, emotions etc.) are extracted from a ‘sender’ and delivered to a ‘receivers’ mozak putem interneta.
Besmrtnost u kontekstu ovog članka odnosi se na oživljavanje moždanih funkcija nakon smrti organizma. Znanstvenici su uspjeli oživjeti svinjski mozak metaboličkim opskrbljivanjem energijom mozga.
Bionički organi se odnose na razvoj funkcionalnih organa korištenjem električnih impulsa, što je pokazano stvaranjem bioničkog oka (značajan napredak za pomoć djelomično slijepim/slijepim osobama). Bionic eye koristi malu video kameru postavljenu na staklo, te slike pretvara u električne impulse, a zatim te impulse bežično prenosi na elektrode ugrađene na površinu retine. To omogućuje pacijentu da protumači ove vizualne obrasce i na taj način povrati koristan vid.
Duboka stimulacija mozga tijekom godina napravila je prijelaz s nosivih uređaja na implantate7 i pokazao je znatna poboljšanja u korištenim materijalima8. Neuralink9 is one such implantable device that has shown significant improvement over others in that it supports flexible cellophane-like conductive wires inserted into the tissue using a “sewing machine” surgical robot. The precision by which the robots inserts the device makes the procedure extremely safe and reliable. The actual total size of the incision and is that of a small coin and the device is 23mm X 8mm in size. The device has received a Breakthrough Designation in July and that Neuralink is working with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on a future clinical trial for people with paraplegia. It is envisaged that the correction of neural signals through the use of Neuralink will be able to solve a large number of health problems provided it is proven safe in the long-term use in ljudi.
Ova tehnologija može pomoći u ublažavanju bolesti mozga (depresija, Alzheimerova, Parkinsonova itd.) i leđna moždina (paraplegia, quadriplegia etc.) that have a common feature of miscommunication or lost communication between the neuronal cells due to their inability to send electrical impulses. Use of this technology will improve the communication and also help identify predisposition to these diseases by monitoring the electrical impulses in the ljudski brain. This could help ljudi to live a longer life free of any mental illnesses. The technology can further be exploited to immortalise the ljudski brain and lead to development of robots with artificial intelligence similar to or better than ljudi od danas.
***
Reference:
- Pacemaker mozga: nova nada za osobe s demencijom http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/brain-pacemaker-new-hope-for-people-with-dementia/
- Bežični "pacemaker" mozga koji može otkriti i spriječiti napadaje http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/a-wireless-brain-pacemaker-that-can-detect-and-prevent-seizures/
- BrainNet: Prvi slučaj izravne komunikacije 'mozak-mozak' http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/brainnet-the-first-case-of-direct-brain-to-brain-communication/
- Kaku M, 2018. Tehnologije budućnosti. Dostupno online na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RQ44wQwpCc
- Oživljavanje svinjskog mozga nakon smrti: jedan inč bliže besmrtnosti http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/revival-of-pigs-brain-after-death-an-inch-closer-to-immortality/
- Bioničko oko: obećanje vida za pacijente s oštećenjem retine i optičkog živca http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/bionic-eye-promise-of-vision-for-patients-with-retinal-and-optic-nerve-damage/
- Montalbano L., 2020. Sučelja i etika mozga i stroja: prijelaz s nosivih uređaja na implantate (8. veljače 2020.). Dostupno na SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3534725 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534725
- Bettinger CJ, Ecker M, et al 2020. Nedavni napredak u neuronskim sučeljima—Kemija materijala do kliničkog prijevoda. Objavljeno na mreži Cambridge University Press: 10. kolovoza 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2020.195
- Musk E, 2020. NeuraLink Progress Update, ljeto 2020. 28. kolovoza 2020. Dostupno online na https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVvmgjBL74w&feature=youtu.be
***
